Exact Year for All 27 N.T. Books
A. Introduction
There is internal evidence—found in the official Bible itself—which dates the exact year (of completion, if written during more than one year): for every single one of the 27 books, in the New Testament (NT).
NOTE: This page is a work in progress; more evidences will be added, from time to time, over the following weeks and months (maybe even years). This does not mean that the year, for each book, is uncertain (and might be revised, from time to time); all years are very solidly placed, and cannot move—but there is so much evidence, in support of all this chronology, that it will take quite a while to document all of it. Eventually, there will also be detailed studies on each of the authors: including who wrote Hebrews, James, Jude, and the four gospels (and exactly who Mark and Luke are—both of which saw Christ, before and after His death and resurrection). Wikipedia and Google AI are quoted from, not because they are indisputable sources; but rather, as a simple and quick way to document common beliefs (regardless of whether these beliefs are factually correct).
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A-1. Outline
A. Introduction
A-1. Outline
A-2. Methods for Finding Each Year
A-3. Year List for Each of the 27 Books
B. Four Early Books (AD 31 – 37)
B-1. The Gospel of Matthew (AD 31)
B-2. The Epistle of James (AD 35)
B-3. The Gospel of Mark (AD 35)
B-4. The Book of Hebrews (AD 37)
C. Thessalonica and Corinth (AD 53 – 60)
C-1. First and Second Thessalonians (AD 53)
C-2. First and Second Corinthians (AD 59)
C-3. Letter to the Romans (AD 60)
C-4. Letter to the Galatians (AD 60)
D. Two Books to Theophilus (AD 60, 62)
D-1. The Gospel of Luke (AD 60)
D-2. Acts of the Apostles (AD 62)
E. Four Prison Letters (AD 63)
E-1. Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon (AD 63)
E-2. Letter to the Philippians (AD 63)
F. Thirtieth Jubilee Books (AD 65,66)
F-1. Letters to Titus and Timothy (AD 65,66)
F-2. Four Books by John (AD 66)
F-3. First and Second Peter (AD 66)
F-4. The Epistle of Jude (AD 66)
G. The Apocalyptic Visions (AD 96)
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A-2. Methods for Finding Each Year
The first and most important method, for finding each year (for all 27 NT books): is to realize, accept, and act upon the reality that God is NOT an ignorant fool. The Babel Skeptics do treat God, as if He is a helpless fool—or else they treat Him as if He doesn’t even exist, at all; sadly, many relatively conservative scholars don’t do a whole lot better.
But if indeed God does exist, and He does, then we know that He has foreseen all the attacks on the Bible; so He put all the information necessary, into the Bible, in order to thoroughly refute these attacks. And this certainly includes the dating of the gospels, and other NT books; Babel Skeptics try to put decades of time, between the resurrection and the first gospel (supposedly Mark): and this paves the way, for their claim that the resurrection—and other details—were invented over the decades (and therefore are not reliable).
Another very important method, for dating all the NT books, is four main anchor years—each of which had one gospel, and at least one resurrection: Jesus (AD 31), Dorcas (AD 35), Eutychus (AD 60), and a mystery case, details coming later (AD 66: the 30th Jubilee, see link below). Once you have these four anchor years: it is relatively easy to place all the other books—because they are all within a few years, of these anchors, except Thessalonians and Revelation (which is itself another anchor year, but without any resurrection or gospel in that year). But how can we know the exact year, for these four anchors? The answer to this, is long and detailed; but much of that information is already available, see the links below.
Advantages of Biblical CHRonology: https://7grails.world/7-symbolic/chr/abc/
Absolutely Best Crucifixion Date: https://7grails.world/7-symbolic/chr/abcd/
Jesus Dated All 27 N.T. Books: https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/
Revelation, Written in September AD 96: https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/
The 70th Jubilee Is 2025-2026: https://7grails.world/7-symbolic/chr/70jubilee/
Additionally, the NT books all contain internal clues—including, but not limited to, the timing of events in the book of Acts; these things help to align the exact years, for each book, along with some records from ancient history (such as the fire in Rome, AD 64). Last, but not least: there are divinely planned clues—hidden in the arrangement of the NT canon, as well as various numbers (found within some of the NT books). These are actually some of the clearest ways, to nail down the exact years; yet the Babel Skeptics would never imagine any such evidence, as this (and even the conservative scholars, have overlooked these divine clues).
The parable of the sower is one of the internal evidences, with the following numbers: 30, 60, 100; these numbers reveal general timings, as well as exact timings. The general timings are NT books: written in the 30’s, in the 60’s, and about 100 (see A-3); the exact timings are three times, from each of the three numbers (God frequently does things in sets of three). Immediately below this paragraph, these exact timings are listed; and this article will frequently refer back to these three numbers, from the sower parable.
30 = Twice, and only twice, there is a 30 year spread between NT book years: #1 35 to 65, and #2 66 to 96 (see A-3). #3 The year that Jesus spoke this sower parable: it was on Wednesday, May 10, AD 30 (https://7grails.world/7-symbolic/chr/abcd/).
60 = Three books were written in AD 60 (#1 Romans, #2 Galatians, and #3 Luke).
100 = #1 35 (James) plus 65 (Titus) equals 100; #2 37 (Hebrews) plus 63 (Philemon) equals 100—no other years, in the NT list, add up to 100 (and these four books are arranged together). #3 The 96 sanctuary sockets represent the date of Revelation; and the 4 veil sockets represent the birth of Christ, in 4 BC—spanning a total of 100 years, between these two events (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/).
It should be pointed out: that man had his own ideas, for the canon arrangement (based on literary genre, and length of the books); but this doesn’t change the fact, that God ultimately made sure the arrangement fit His own plans. With many of the books, the arrangement is chronological—such as the four gospels, were written in order: Matthew (AD 31), Mark (AD 35), Luke (AD 60), and John (AD 66); whenever the books are not in chronological order, it’s because something else takes the precedence (such as the authors of the books, or other people connections, etc).
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A-3. Year List for Each of the 27 Books
This is just a brief list, with only the AD year (of completion, if written during more than one year). The rest of this page documents, in detail, the exact year of all 27 New Testament books. The starting point for all of these, is the crucifixion chronology; so if you start with either of the popular but incorrect years (AD 30 or 33), you will be off track in most or all of New Testament chronology. For those who want the clearest possible evidence, for the correct crucifixion date: https://7grails.world/7-symbolic/chr/abcd/
31 = MATTHEW (*)
35 = James, MARK (*)
37 = Hebrews
53 = First Thessalonians, Second Thessalonians
59 = First Corinthians, Second Corinthians
60 = Romans, Galatians, LUKE (*)
62 = Acts
63 = Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, Philippians
65 = Titus
66 = gospel of JOHN (*); First John, First Timothy, First Peter, Second & Third John, Second Timothy, Second Peter, Jude
96 = Revelation; for a detailed study refuting preterism, and proving AD 96 (not during Nero), see this webpage: https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/
* These are the four gospels, dated by four resurrections; for details, see this webpage: https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/
B. Four Early Books (AD 31 – 37)
Two of the four gospels, Matthew and Mark, were written very soon after the resurrection; and this flies in the face of the Babel Skeptical attacks—on the existence of God, and the reliability of the Bible (see A-2). Two other NT books, James and Hebrews, were also written very early.
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B-1. The Gospel of Matthew (AD 31)
Widely considered the second gospel (or third), in modern times: yet this is actually the first gospel, and first book of the entire NT (written first, and located first; Revelation was written last, and located last). The false idea that Mark was first, comes from the Babel Skeptics; they claim that Matthew copied Mark, which proves the sequence. God foresaw this foolishness; so He gave an example—with 2 Peter chapter 2, and Jude—that God is capable of inspiring similar things, without the writers copying each other (see F-4).
Exactly WHY would Matthew even wait a few years, much less decades, to write his gospel? The only answer is: to make the Babel Skeptics happy, who claim that Matthew is not author; someone anonymous wrote it—someone who was not an eyewitness to the resurrection, etc (and the author wrote based on copying Mark, plus adding his own imaginary inventions). But those who trust God, need NOT FALL for such lame circular reasoning (the Bible was written by fake authors, so the resurrection never happened, so God doesn’t exist, so the Bible is unreliable, so the authors were fake, now repeat the circle).
External Testimony: “The early patristic scholars regarded Matthew as the earliest of the gospels and placed it first in the canon …” (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew).
Internal Events: The resurrected saints, mentioned only in Matthew, places this gospel in AD 31 (see 27:52,53).
Divine Arrangement: Matthew is placed first, by God’s plan, because it was written first.
God’s Numbers: Matthew does record the sower parable—with 30, 60, and 100 (13:8,23)—which is just one of several ways, to place this gospel in the 30’s. Also, 31 (Matthew) plus 35 (Mark) equals 66, the number of books in the Bible (https://7grails.world/babel/66books/); and 31 (Matthew) to 96 (Revelation) is also 66 years, inclusive (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/).
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B-2. The Epistle of James (AD 35)
Although written in the same year as Mark, yet the epistle of James precedes Mark (more details yet to come).
External Testimony: “The historiographic debate currently seems to be leaning to the side of those in favor of early dating [before the death of James] …” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_of_James#Dating_and_surviving_manuscripts).
Internal Events: “James … to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting.” (1:1). This fits very well with AD 35, just a few years after the ascension, when Jewish converts “were all scattered abroad” (Acts 8:1)—because of persecution, such as the stoning of Stephen (see Acts 7:59,60; 8:1-4; 11:19).
Divine Arrangement: James is the first book—in the set of seven short books (James, 1 & 2 Peter, 1 & 2 & 3 John, Jude)—because James was written first, out of those seven books; James is also right beside Hebrews, because these two books were written within two years of each other (35 – 37).
God’s Numbers: The book of James uses the word “year” only twice—once in the singular, “a year” (4:13); and once in the plural, “three years and six months” (5:17). Add these to the spring of AD 31 (death, resurrection, and Matthew’s gospel after Pentecost), and you are in the fall of AD 35; this does not necessarily give the precise day, or even month, for when James was written—but it does place the epistle solidly in the correct year, AD 35. There is exactly 30 years, between James (35) and Titus (65); NONE of the other NT book years, have this 30 year span (35 to 65)—except 66 to 96. Additionally, 35 (James) plus 65 (Titus) equals 100, similar to 37 (Hebrews) plus 63 (Philemon) equals 100—no other years, in the NT list, add up to 100 (and these four books are arranged together); so these are some of the number verifications, from the sower parable (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/).
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B-3. The Gospel of Mark (AD 35)
Mark waited a few years, after the resurrection, to write his gospel; this is because he was only a young teenager, in AD 31 (resurrection year). Four years later, AD 35, he was a young adult; and then he was prepared, to write this gospel. There is no other valid reason, for waiting even four years; yet the Babel Skeptics date this gospel, about thirty to forty years after Christ! Furthermore, Mark probably did start writing his gospel, shortly after Christ’s ascension (such as Mark 16:9-20, the so-called “long ending”).
External Testimony: If Mark is supposedly the earliest gospel, according to the Babel Skeptics, then they should not complain about a very early date: AD 35!
Internal Events: The resurrection of Dorcas, on November 8, AD 35 (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/).
Divine Arrangement: Mark is the second gospel in placement, because it was the second gospel written.
God’s Numbers: Mark also recorded the sower parable—with 30, 60, and 100 (4:8,20)—which is just one of several ways, to place this gospel in the 30’s. Also, Mark has only one chapter, with exactly 35 verses; and this verse happened on the same day, that Jesus told the sower parable (see 3:35; 4:1-35; Matthew 12:46-50; 13:1-53). There is exactly 30 years, between Mark (35) and Titus (65); NONE of the other NT book years, have this 30 year span (35 to 65)—except 66 to 96. Finally, 31 (Matthew) plus 35 (Mark) equals 66, the number of books in the Bible (https://7grails.world/babel/66books/).
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B-4. The Book of Hebrews (AD 37)
Dating this book correctly, depends very heavily on getting the correct author—which, especially in modern times—scholars are less and less certain about. However, there is a flood of evidence, about the correct author: so much evidence, in fact, that it will take an entirely different webpage to cover it (not available yet; the link to it will be here, when it is done).
External Testimony: “Early Christians and modern scholars alike widely hold that the letter was written before the Romans destroyed the Jerusalem Temple in AD 70.” (Google AI).
Internal Events: “The use of tabernacle terminology in Hebrews has been used to date the epistle before the destruction of the temple …” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews#Date). “The text describes the Old Testament sacrificial rituals and the Levitical priesthood in the present tense (e.g., Hebrews 9:6-10 and 10:1-4). If the temple had already been destroyed, it is highly likely the author would have used this cataclysmic event as a defining argument that the Old Covenant had ended.” (Google AI).
Divine Arrangement: Hebrews is right beside James, because these two books were written within two years of each other (35 – 37).
God’s Numbers: 37 (Hebrews) plus 63 (Philemon) equals 100, similar to 35 (James) plus 65 (Titus) equals 100—no other years, in the NT list, add up to 100 (and these four books are arranged together); so these are some of the number verifications, from the parable of the sower (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/).
C. Thessalonica and Corinth (AD 53 – 60)
This section includes six letters, from the apostle Paul: two letters TO Thessalonica, and two letters TO Corinth; plus two more letters FROM Corinth (Romans and Galatians).
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C-1. First and Second Thessalonians (AD 53)
There is an interesting pattern, that develops, as all the chronologies come together—each letter in a doublet or triplet set (“First …” and “Second …”), was written in the same year; here are all eleven cases: 1 & 2 Thessalonians, AD 53; 1 & 2 Corinthians, AD 59; 1 & 2 Timothy, AD 66; 1 & 2 & 3 John, AD 66; 1 & 2 Peter, AD 66 (furthermore, the last seven are all in AD 66). This is one of many methods, that God used by providence, to help date all 27 of the NT books.
External Testimony: “A majority of modern New Testament scholars date 1 Thessalonians to 49–51 AD, during Paul’s 18-month stay in Corinth coinciding with his second missionary journey. The reference to proconsul Gallio in the inscription provides an important marker for developing a chronology of the life of Apostle Paul, since he presides over the trial of Paul in Achaea mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 18:12-17).” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians#Date). It is true that Gallio is an important marker, for Paul’s chronology; but most scholars have this marker date wrong: “Gallio’s tenure can be FAIRLY ACCURATELY dated to between AD 51–52.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Junius_Gallio_Annaeanus). The wording here is a blatant admission, that the exact years are NOT CERTAIN! Furthermore, although proconsuls usually served only one year (but not always, documentation yet to come): Gallio is an exception, he served two years (spring AD 52, to spring AD 54). God even made sure to document this two-year tenure, in Acts: “And he [Paul] continued there [in Corinth] a year and six months [late AD 62, to mid AD 64], teaching the word of God among them. And when Gallio was the deputy of Achaia, the Jews made insurrection with one accord against Paul, and brought him to the judgment seat,” (18:11,12). Why did the Jews patiently wait, for 18 months, to accuse Paul? Typically, the angry Jews would not even wait 18 days! They were waiting for the END of Gallio’s TWO-YEAR tenure; they knew that it was the best time to strike—because Gallio wouldn’t have any worry about losing his position, whatever decision he made. “The Delphi Inscription, or Gallio Inscription … nine fragments of a letter written by the Roman emperor Claudius in 52 CE … The reference to proconsul Gallio [in office from AD 52 to 54] in the inscription provides an important marker …” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_Inscription).
Internal Events: Paul first came to Thessalonica, in the second half of AD 52 (to be fully documented later); after that he went to Berea, and on to Athens, before coming to Corinth—which is where he wrote these two letters (see Acts 17 & 18). Based on the travel times, of Silas and Timothy: it’s obvious that these letters were NOT written two weeks later (in AD 52), or two years later (in AD 54). And based upon more than one Christian death, in that church, it’s probable that the first letter was NOT written just two months later—not late in AD 52 (see 1 Thessalonians 3:1,2; 4:13-18; etc). Letters were normally dispatched during good weather, so both of these two letters can be dated to AD 53 (after the winter of AD 52/53).
Divine Arrangement: The Thessalonian letters are placed immediately after the prison letters (Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians)—because Thessalonians (AD 53), until the prison letters (AD 63), is ten years (one decade).
God’s Numbers: First Thessalonians has 5 chapters, and Second Thessalonians has 3 chapters (representing AD 53).
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C-2. First and Second Corinthians (AD 59)
External Testimony: “By comparing Acts of the Apostles 18:1-17 [trial with Gallio (see C-1)] and the references to Ephesus in the Corinthian correspondence, scholars suggest that the letter was written during Paul’s stay in Ephesus, which is usually dated as being in the range of 53–57 CE.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians). For the same reasons mentioned above (in C-1): most scholars incorrectly date several events in Acts, about two years earlier than the correct dates; so the AD 57, in that above quote, is actually AD 59.
Internal Events: First Corinthians was written from Ephesus, shortly before Paul left (in the spring of AD 59); shortly after leaving, Paul expected Titus to return from Corinth, and meet him at Troas (see Acts 19:21-41; 20:1-3; 2 Corinthians 1:15,16; 2:12,13; etc)—this trip would not take multiple months (which is how we know that the letter was written, shortly before Paul left Ephesus, probably as soon as the weather was good). Second Corinthians was also written in AD 59, because obviously it was written before Paul arrived in person—which was in late AD 59, spending about “three months” there, before leaving Corinth in March of AD 60 (see Acts 20:1-6).
Divine Arrangement: The Corinthian letters are placed just before Galatians (written in AD 60), because Corinthian letters were written in AD 59 (just before Galatians, in AD 60).
God’s Numbers: “I wrote unto you [Corinth] in an epistle …” (1 Corinthians 5:9); this verse specifically mentions writing a letter to the Corinthians—and it is in chapter 5, verse 9, representing AD 59 (the letter mentioned is actually lost).
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C-3. Letter to the Romans (AD 60)
External Testimony: “The Apostle Paul wrote the Book of Romans around AD 57–58 [actually AD 60]. He composed the letter toward the end of his third missionary journey while staying in the Greek city of Corinth, just before his final trip to Jerusalem.” (Google AI). The last sentence is correct; but the first sentence (AD 57-58) is NOT correct—probably from the same Gallio mistake, mentioned above (see C-1).
Internal Events: Written from Corinth, during his second visit there; and sent in late winter, or early spring—for good weather—AD 60 is quite obviously, the only year that fits.
Divine Arrangement: Romans is slightly out of place, chronologically—it was written in AD 60, but is placed right before the two Corinthian letters (in AD 59); there are at least two reasons, for this providence arrangement. First of all, four letters are placed together (in the canon)—Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians—and these four letters were either written TO Corinth, or FROM Corinth (Romans and Galatians); and this fact, in turn, easily dates Romans (and Galatians). The second reason, for the placement of Romans, is to help identify a very special person (details to come, later).
God’s Numbers: This is one of three books, that have to be dated in exactly AD 60—based upon the parable of the sower (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/).
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C-4. Letter to the Galatians (AD 60)
External Testimony: Many scholars date this letter, incorrectly, prior to the Jerusalem council (around AD 50). Yet this is strange—because the book of Galatians even mentions Paul’s trip, to Jerusalem, for that council: “fourteen years after” his previous trip, to Jerusalem (see 2:1-10); this timing only fits with the Jerusalem council trip (and Paul did NOT make a ton of trips to Jerusalem, every year or so). “A majority of scholars agree that Galatians was written between the late 40s and early 50s, although some date the original composition to … 50-60 [60 is spot on!]. … It would have been enormously helpful to Paul’s argument if he could have mentioned the decision of the Council of Jerusalem that Gentiles should not be circumcised. The absence of this argument from Paul strongly implies Galatians was written prior to the council [WRONG—the Galatians knew about that decision, but they had already REJECTED IT!].” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians).
Internal Events: “Now concerning the collection for the saints, as I have given order to the churches of Galatia, even so do ye.” (1 Corinthians 16:1); this collection, for Jerusalem, is also mentioned in Romans (15:25-28)—which is another way to date all of these letters (Corinthians, Romans, Galatians), being close to each other in timing. Yet the letter to Galatians, does not mention the collection; therefore, that instruction was given verbally (and then the letter was probably written sometime later). Also, Galatians is NOT a prison letter; this is clear, because Paul didn’t hesitate to mention when he was in custody, in his letters (see Ephesians 3:1; 4:1; 6:19-20; Philippians 1:7,12-17; Colossians 4:3,4,18; Philemon 1:1,9,10; 2 Timothy 2:9; etc). Plus, God inspired Paul to write a double meaning, to the Galatians: “Stand fast therefore in the liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free …” (5:1); here, it sounds like Paul was free—both spiritually and literally! Therefore, we can’t place Galatians after Paul’s arrest in AD 60 (Paul was in custody from 60-64, and again in 66).
Divine Arrangement: Galatians (in AD 60) is placed very chronologically, right after the Corinthian letters (in AD 59); also, the placement helps to show that Galatians was written from Corinth (see C-3).
God’s Numbers: This is one of three books, that have to be dated in exactly AD 60—based upon the sower parable (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/). Furthermore, there are ONLY three verses, in Galatians, which mention a specific number of years: “three years” (1:18); “fourteen years” (2:1); and “four hundred and thirty years” (3:17). 430 is way too large, for any NT book date (not even the Babel Skeptics would go that far, LOL); but if you convert it to 43 decades, and then add it to the other years, you get: 43 + 3 + 14 = 60 (the year of Galatians).
D. Two Books to Theophilus (AD 60, 62)
These historical accounts were written, especially for the purpose of defending Paul in Rome (during his first imprisonment). They were both written by Luke; in fact, Luke was so dedicated to defending Paul—in BOTH of his imprisonments—that shortly before Paul was martyred (his second imprisonment), Paul made the sad statement: “Only Luke is with me.” (2 Timothy 4:11). At this point, it is helpful to see a brief list of major events, for each year from AD 59 to AD 66.
AD 59: Paul wrote the two Corinthian letters (see C-2).
AD 60: Paul wrote Romans and Galatians, from Corinth (see C-3, C-4); in the spring, he went to Jerusalem, and was arrested.
AD 61: After Paul was “two years” in custody, Porcius Festus came into office (Acts 24:27); these years are inclusive (60,61). “The earliest proposed date for the start of his term [Porcius Festus] is c. 55 – c. 56 [c. means circa, or approximately], while the latest is 61 [this is the correct year, 61].” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcius_Festus). Then Paul was sent by ship to Rome; and the ship wrecked, in late AD 61.
AD 62: Early in the year, another ship took Paul on to Rome—he was there in custody, for “two WHOLE years” (Acts 28:30); these years are FULL, not inclusive (AD 62 to 64).
AD 63: Paul wrote four prison letters (Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon, Philippians).
AD 64: Paul was released from custody, shortly before the fire burned Rome (in that year).
AD 65: Paul wrote the letter to Titus (see F-1).
AD 66: Paul wrote 1 Timothy; later he was arrested—and taken to Rome again—where he wrote 2 Timothy, shortly before he was put to death (in AD 66). Seven other NT books were also written, in this year (four by John, two by Peter, and one by Jude).
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D-1. The Gospel of Luke (AD 60)
External Testimony: “Between A.D. 58 and A.D. 64: Many conservative and evangelical scholars date the book earlier [than the Babel Skeptics, who date it decades later] … Because Acts is the sequel to the Gospel [of Luke] and ends while Paul is still under house arrest in Rome (around A.D. 62), they argue the Gospel [of Luke] had to be penned earlier [than Acts] …” (Google AI). Luke was penned earlier than Acts, which was in AD 62 (see D-2); so the year AD 60 is just fine, for the gospel of Luke. Most likely, Luke was working on his gospel for years; but he needed to finish it, when Paul was arrested in Jerusalem (when he was there for Pentecost, AD 60).
Internal Events: The resurrection of Eutychus (in AD 60). This timing also dovetails nicely, with Paul writing to the Corinthians in AD 59—shortly before spending three months in Corinth (in AD 60); then this resurrection occurred, just a few weeks later (see Acts 20:1-12).
Divine Arrangement: Luke is the third gospel in placement, because it was the third gospel written.
God’s Numbers: This is one of three books, that have to be dated in exactly AD 60—based upon the sower parable (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/).
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D-2. Acts of the Apostles (AD 62)
External Testimony: “The earliest possible date for Luke-Acts is around 62 AD, the time of Paul’s imprisonment in Rome …” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles#Title,_unity_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts,_authorship_and_date). “A.D. 60-64 (Early Date): Many conservative scholars argue for this earlier window. Because Acts ends with Paul under house arrest in Rome (and does not mention his martyrdom or the destruction of the Temple), proponents suggest the book was finished shortly after the events described.” (Google AI).
Internal Events: “Melita is most famous in history as the location of the Apostle Paul’s shipwreck around 60 AD [specifically, in late AD 61], an event meticulously documented in the New Testament (Acts 27 and 28).” (Google AI). We know that Paul left the island in the spring (of AD 62), as soon as it was safe for travel by sea; and Paul arrived in Rome, shortly after (see Acts 28). Paul remained in custody for “two whole years” (28:30); this means it was NOT merely AD 62 and 63 (two years, inclusive)—instead, it was two FULL years (spring 62 to spring 63, and spring 63 to spring 64). This also means that Paul was released, shortly before the fire in Rome (AD 64); and this makes perfect sense: if he had left Rome in AD 63, then he probably would not have been accused or charged with anything related to the fire—and if he was still in prison, during the fire, he would’ve never been released. This fire event is another important marker, in the chronology of Acts: “The Apostle Paul was accused of being part of the group blamed for the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD, and according to early church tradition, he was condemned to death as a result.” (Google AI). How certain is the year, for this fire? “There is virtually no academic debate regarding the year of the Great Fire of Ancient Rome; it is definitively dated to 64 AD …” (Google AI). Both Luke and Acts were intended to help defend Paul, with his case in Rome; and Luke probably started writing both books, years earlier, but then circumstances urged him to finish these books. Therefore, Acts (and Luke) HAD TO BE COMPLETED, and ready for Paul’s trial, immediately upon arriving in Rome (which is why the narrative ends there). Therefore, the last two verses (28:30,31) are an addendum or P.S. (written two years later, by Luke); but this should not be counted as the year, when Acts was finished (yet if anyone wants to date Acts in AD 64, that’s fine—as long as AD 62 is identified as the year, when the narrative ended).
Divine Arrangement: Acts is the first book, after the four gospels; it is primary, or first, because it records three decades of church history, starting with Pentecost (and ending with Paul’s first imprisonment, in Rome).
God’s Numbers: The beginning of Acts, in AD 31 (Pentecost); plus 31 years to the end of Acts, equals 62. Or to put it another way: Matthew, the first gospel, doubled (31 x 2 = 62), is the year of the first book located right after the gospels (Acts).
E. Four Prison Letters (AD 63)
As mentioned above (in C-1): each letter in a doublet or triplet set (“First …” and “Second …”), was written in the same year; and it is similar here, with these four prison letters, they were all written in the same year.
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E-1. Ephesians, Colossians, Philemon (AD 63)
External Testimony: These three letters were dispatched at the same time (AD 63), to the same area (Ephesus and Colossae), carried by the same two people (traveling together). “Ephesians, Colossians, and Philemon were sent at the same time. The Apostle Paul wrote all three during his first imprisonment in Rome (around AD 60-62 [actually 63]) and sent them together via the messengers Tychicus and Onesimus.” (Google AI). The years listed here (60-62) are close, but a little early—most likely still the result, of the Gallio mistake (see C-1). Because there was a bad earthquake, in Colossae, about AD 60—and there is no direct mention of the earthquake, in the letter—some think that Colossians was written before AD 60; however, this is another fallout from the Gallio mistake: the letter was not written before AD 60, or shortly after, it was written about three years after (which is long enough, that it didn’t need a direct mention).
Internal Events: Paul didn’t hesitate to mention when he was in custody, in his letters (see Ephesians 3:1; 4:1; 6:19-20; Philippians 1:7,12-17; Colossians 4:3,4,18; Philemon 1:1,9,10; 2 Timothy 2:9; etc). Some think that these prison letters were not written from Rome, but from some other imprisonment—such as Caesarea Maritima, or Ephesus, etc; but as always, God foresaw these mistakes, and put the truth in scripture (see E-2).
Divine Arrangement: Ephesians (AD 63) is placed right after Galatians (AD 60), because it was written after Galatians. Also, Colossians (AD 63) is placed just before the Thessalonian letters (AD 53), because they are exactly ten years apart (one decade).
God’s Numbers: 37 (Hebrews) plus 63 (Philemon) equals 100, similar to 35 (James) plus 65 (Titus) equals 100—no other years, in the NT list, add up to 100 (and these four books are arranged together); so these are some of the number verifications, from the sower parable (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/).
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E-2. Letter to the Philippians (AD 63)
External Testimony: “… scholars agree that the material that was compiled into the Epistle to the Philippians was originally composed in Koine Greek, sometime during the 50s or early 60s AD.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians#Composition).
Internal Events: Paul didn’t hesitate to mention when he was in custody, in his letters (see Ephesians 3:1; 4:1; 6:19-20; Philippians 1:7,12-17; Colossians 4:3,4,18; Philemon 1:1,9,10; 2 Timothy 2:9; etc). The following letters list Timothy, as a co-author: 2 Corinthians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, Philemon; but there’s no evidence that Paul was in prison, at Corinth or Macedonia (except in Philippi, for one night in AD 52)—so he wrote Philippians during his first imprisonment at Rome, just like Colossians and Philemon. “The brethren which are with me greet you. All the saints salute you, chiefly they that are of Caesar’s household.” (Philippians 4:21,22). Romans chapter 16 has a long list of brethren, and saints; but there is no such list for Paul’s imprisonment, at Caesarea Maritima—therefore, Paul was at Rome (not Caesarea), when he wrote Philippians. Also, “Caesar’s household” fits Rome FAR BETTER than anywhere else; but if Paul were in Caesarea, at the time, he should’ve mentioned other rulers—such as Felix, Festus, Agrippa, etc (see Acts 23 through 26). Finally, there is no biblical evidence that Paul was ever imprisoned, at Ephesus; it is possible, of course, but we should date Paul’s letters on KNOWN imprisonments (not random guessing).
Divine Arrangement: Philippians was written last, of the four prison letters; nevertheless, it is placed between Ephesians and Colossians. If it were placed before these two letters: this might indicate that it was written prior to AD 63; and if it were placed after these two letters: this might indicate that it was written after AD 63. So Philippians is placed between the other two: in order to show that it was written in the same year, as Ephesians and Colossians.
God’s Numbers: The year of PHILippians, is the same as PHILemon (see E-1). Also, Philippians chapter 3 has 21 verses; and 3 x 21 = 63 (date it was written). This might seem like cherry-picking the chapter; however, the same method, with the same chapter number (3), is found in 1 Peter (3 x 22 = 66)—and Peter has a direct connection with this city, Philippi (details to come, later). These two letters (Philippians and 1 Peter) are more difficult than most, to place in an exact year; therefore, God gave these additional numerical alignments (3 x 21 = 63; and 3 x 22 = 66, see F-3).
F. Thirtieth Jubilee Books (AD 65,66)
Ten books were written in the thirtieth Jubilee: one in AD 65 (Titus), and nine in AD 66 (all listed below). For details on how to calculate the Jubilee years, see this webpage: https://7grails.world/7-symbolic/chr/70jubilee/
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F-1. Letters to Titus and Timothy (AD 65,66)
External Testimony: “The Epistle to Titus in the New Testament is widely believed to have been written between A.D. 62 and 65. … Traditional View: Christian tradition holds that the Apostle Paul wrote it during a period of freedom between his first and second Roman imprisonments, typically dated around A.D. 63 to 65.” (Google AI). “Most biblical scholars date 1 Timothy to roughly A.D. 62-64 [actually 66] and 2 Timothy to A.D. 64-67 [correct, specifically 66]. 1 Timothy was likely written after Paul’s first Roman imprisonment, while 2 Timothy is considered his final letter, written from a Roman prison shortly before his martyrdom.” (Google AI). Most of this is correct, except 1 Timothy was written in AD 66; yet it was indeed “written after Paul’s first Roman imprisonment”—and written before his second imprisonment (but not long before).
Internal Events: Paul spent his very last winter (AD 65/66), in “Nicopolis” (Titus 3:12). Many have assumed that this was the one in western Greece (https://actianicopolisarchaeopark.gr/en/nikopolis/early-christian-nicopolis/); however, Paul actually went to the one near Jerusalem (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmaus#Emmaus_Nicopolis/Imwas). Paul went there for very special reasons, related to the thirtieth Jubilee year (starting in the fall of AD 65, when Titus was written); based on how Paul had been treated previously, in Jerusalem, it was wise for him to stay in a village about 20 miles away—MUCH more details on this, are yet to come, so stay tuned!
Divine Arrangement: Titus and Timothy are placed next to each other, because they were written in years next to each other (65,66); also, because the two were relatives (https://7grails.world/7-symbolic/sis/).
God’s Numbers: 35 (James) plus 65 (Titus) equals 100, similar to 37 (Hebrews) plus 63 (Philemon) equals 100—no other years, in the NT list, add up to 100 (and these four books are arranged together); so these are some of the number verifications, from the sower parable (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/). Both books to Timothy were written in AD 66, during the thirtieth Jubilee year (see F-2).
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F-2. Four Books by John (AD 66)
External Testimony: “Some conservative scholars and historians argue for [John’s gospel] a pre-A.D. 70 date—often placing it in the 60s [correct, AD 66]. This argument is primarily based on internal textual evidence, such as the Gospel’s use of present-tense verbs [this book is not primarily prophecy, so the time anchor would naturally be the same as when John was writing] to describe Jerusalem and its features (like the pool of Bethesda) before the city was destroyed by the Romans.” (Google AI). “The three letters of John (1, 2, and 3 John) were LIKELY written between AD 85 and 95 [incorrect, actually AD 66].” (Google AI).
Internal Events: As with all four gospels, John’s was written in a resurrection year (AD 66). John 1, and 1 John 1, start out very similar; this is to show that they both have the same author, and were written in the same year (AD 66). Some say that at least John’s three letters, and maybe his gospel, was written around AD 95 (just like Revelation). This is especially based on his usage of “little children“—supposedly indicating that John was very old (1 John 2:1,12,13,18,28; 3:7,18; 4:4; 5:21); but the same phrase was used by Paul, when he was NOT super old (Galatians 4:19; see John 13:33). The other main basis for dating later, is John’s refuting gnosticism; but that could easily be placed in the mid sixties. “The timeline of early Christian encounters with Gnosticism … Mid-to-Late 1st Century: The earliest evidence appears in the New Testament itself. The Apostle Paul’s letters—especially Colossians (written around 50–60 AD [63]) and 1 Timothy (written around 60–65 AD [66])—warn against ‘false knowledge’ and ’empty deceit.’ Later, the Johannine Epistles (c. 85–95 AD [supposedly, but actually in AD 66]) actively combat the early Gnostic belief that Jesus did not have a real, physical body (known as Docetism).” (Google AI). “The belief that Jesus only seemed to have a physical body (from the Greek word dokesis, meaning ‘semblance’ or ‘appearance’) began as an early, proto-Gnostic concept. Around AD 61 [exactly 63], the Apostle Paul countered early docetic ideas in Colossians 2:9 by emphasizing that all the fullness of Deity lives in Christ ‘in bodily form‘ [see 2:8].” (Google AI).
Divine Arrangement: The gospel of John is the fourth one in placement, because it was the fourth gospel written. All three letters by John are among the SIX books in a row—that were all written in AD 66 (1 & 2 Peter, 1 & 2 & 3 John, Jude).
God’s Numbers: The number nine represents resurrection (see the math, below); because of this, and other reasons, God had nine books written in the Jubilee year of AD 66—especially since this year had a carefully hidden resurrection. Here are the nine books from AD 66 (Titus was written during the Jubilee year, but in the fall of AD 65, so Titus is not included in this list): gospel of John; First Timothy, First & Second & Third John, First Peter, Second Timothy, Second Peter, Jude.
NINE REPRESENTS RESURRECTION
9 X 2 = 18 (9 gone*, dead); 1 + 8 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
9 X 3 = 27 (9 gone, dead); 2 + 7 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
9 X 4 = 36 (9 gone, dead); 3 + 6 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
9 X 5 = 45 (9 gone, dead); 4 + 5 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
9 X 6 = 54 (9 gone, dead); 5 + 4 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
9 X 7 = 63 (9 gone, dead); 6 + 3 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
9 X 8 = 72 (9 gone, dead); 7 + 2 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
9 X 9 = 81 (9 gone, dead); 8 + 1 = 9 (9 comes back, resurrection)
* NOTE: There is no 9, in the answers. A list like this does not work, with any other number (8 x 2 = 16, 1 + 6 = 7, not 8; 2 x 5 = 10, 1 + 0 = 1; etc).
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F-3. First and Second Peter (AD 66)
External Testimony: “Scholars generally date First Peter to around A.D. 62–64 [slightly early, should be AD 66]. Dates for Second Peter are more debated, with traditional Christian views dating it to A.D. 64–68 [correct, right in the middle, at AD 66] … This letter [2 Peter] is Peter’s farewell message as he anticipates his approaching death [see 1:14,15].” (Google AI).
Internal Events: “In 1 Peter 5:13, the apostle Peter sends greetings from ‘Babylon,’ a term widely understood by scholars as a symbolic code word for the city of Rome.” (Google AI). Contrary to popular belief, though, this letter was actually written from prison (on board a ship, going to Rome, and also in Rome)—much like his second letter. God foresaw this wrong belief, that 1 Peter was supposedly prior to his imprisonment (which, if true, would leave the year of 1 Peter in uncertainty); so He inspired Peter to write the following double meaning: “… spirits in prison … in the days of Noah, while the ark [ship] was a preparing … eight souls were saved by water [while on the ship].” (3:19,20). This shows that Peter was indeed in prison, at the time (clearly placing his first letter in AD 66, just like his second letter shortly afterward); and Peter even made the parallel, of traveling by ship (Noah, and his own case).
Furthermore, Peter indicated his own status, in custody, by repeatedly mentioning trials and suffering (see 1 Peter 1:6,7; 2:19-24; 3:17,18; 4:1,11-19; etc). And he also showed the transition—from writing on the ship, to writing in Rome—with suffering again mentioned, immediately after the word “Amen” (see 4:11-19); this marks when he arrived in Rome, while still in custody (suffering). The word “Amen” is frequently used to show an ending, or closure: such as in prayers, or the concluding part of letters and books (see 5:11,14; Matthew 28:20; Mark 16:20; Luke 24:53; John 21:25; Romans 16:27; 1 Corinthians 16:24; 2 Corinthians 13:14; Galatians 6:18; Ephesians 6:24; Philippians 4:20-23; Colossians 4:18; 1 Thessalonians 5:28; 2 Thessalonians 3:18; 1 Timothy 6:16-21; 2 Timothy 4:18-22; Titus 3:15; Philemon 1:25; Hebrews 13:21-25; 2 Peter 3:16; 1 John 5:21; 2 John 1:13; Jude 1:25; Revelation 22:20,21).
2 Peter chapter 2 is quite similar to Jude (see also 2 Peter 3:3,4; Jude 1:14-18); this does NOT mean that one copied the other—but it is internal evidence, that they were written in the same year. Jude was written about the same time as Second Peter (which was written in Rome), yet Jude wrote from about 1,400 miles away. God did this intentionally, to show that the Bible writers were NOT copycats (*); you see, Jude and Peter were living too far apart, for one to be copying the other (because there was no rapid communication, via cell phones or email, etc). Please notice the very last verse, before 2 Peter chapter 2 (which is similar to Jude): “For the prophecy came NOT in old time by the will of man [NOT copycats]: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.” (2 Peter 1:21).
* NOTE: A very common view, even among fairly conservative scholars, is the idea that God’s power is so wimpy—that He can’t possibly inspire different authors to write very similar accounts.
Divine Arrangement: Both books by Peter, are among the SIX books in a row—that were all written in AD 66 (1 & 2 Peter, 1 & 2 & 3 John, Jude).
God’s Numbers: Both books by Peter were written in AD 66, during the thirtieth Jubilee year (see F-2). Also, 1 Peter chapter 3, multiplied by the 22 verses in that chapter, is 66—which is the year that it was written (3 x 22 = 66); and this is the same chapter, which also identifies Peter’s location “in prison” (3:19). Furthermore, Philippians has the same method for dating that letter, with the same chapter number: 3 x 21 = 63; and Peter has a direct connection with Philippi (details to come, later). These two letters (1 Peter and Philippians) are more difficult than most, to place in an exact year; therefore, God gave these additional numerical alignments (3 x 22 = 66; and 3 x 21 = 63, see E-2).
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F-4. The Epistle of Jude (AD 66)
External Testimony: “Scholars widely debate the exact date of the Epistle of Jude, but it is generally dated between A.D. 65 and A.D. 110 [actually 66]. Because the text lacks specific historical markers, dating often relies on the author’s identity and literary relationship to 2 Peter.” (Google AI).
Internal Events: Jude has only one chapter, and it is quite similar to 2 Peter chapter 2 (see also 3:3,4; Jude 1:14-18); this does NOT mean that one copied the other—but it is internal evidence, that they were written in the same year. Jude was written about the same time as Second Peter (written in Rome), yet Jude wrote from about 1,400 miles away. God did this intentionally, to show that the Bible writers were NOT copycats (*); you see, Jude and Peter were living too far apart, for one to be copying the other (because there was no rapid communication, via cell phones or email, etc).
* NOTE: A very common view, even among fairly conservative scholars, is the idea that God’s power is so wimpy—that He can’t possibly inspire different authors to write very similar accounts.
Divine Arrangement: Jude is the last of SIX books in a row, that were all written in AD 66 (1 & 2 Peter, 1 & 2 & 3 John, Jude). Jude is placed next to last, in the sacred canon, because it was written next to last (only Revelation is after Jude—both in the placement, and also in the year written).
God’s Numbers: Notice that Jude 1:14 says, “Enoch also, the seventh from Adam“; this is genealogy—but even more important, it is chronology information. Luke is the only other NT book, which mentions both Enoch and Adam (see 3:37,38); this is hidden verification, that Jude was written in the “seventh” year after Luke—and this third gospel is positively placed in AD 60, by the resurrection of Eutychus (https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/). Therefore, Jude was written in AD 66 (the Greek for “seventh” is #1442, ordinal, meaning inclusive count: 60 is the first year, all the way to 66 is the seventh year). Finally, Jude is one of the nine books written in AD 66, during the thirtieth Jubilee (see F-2).
G. The Apocalyptic Visions (AD 96)
The details on this one are so extensive, that a separate article is dedicated to this subject; for the full article, see this webpage: https://7grails.world/babel/dated-27/ad96/
External Testimony: “Most scholars date the Book of Revelation to A.D. 95–96, during the reign of the Roman Emperor Domitian. However, there is ongoing debate among historians and theologians, with a significant number of scholars placing its composition earlier, around A.D. 65–68, during the reign of Emperor Nero.” (Google AI). For extensive details, about both sides of this debate, see the full article (linked above).
Internal Events: A careful study of the seven kings—including three different applications—positively places Revelation after Jerusalem was destroyed, in AD 70 (see the full article).
Divine Arrangement: Revelation is the very last book, in the entire canon; and this was placed there, because it was the very last book written—thirty years after any of the other books!
God’s Numbers: 96 silver sanctuary sockets, and much more (see the full article).
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